Misconception and Stigma
Asperger’s syndrome was recognised as a distinct diagnosis from 1994 to 2013, during which many professionals believed it to be a milder form of Autism. However, in 2013, a significant revision in the diagnostic framework took place with the release of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5). As part of a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to diagnosis and treatment, Asperger’s syndrome was integrated into a broader category known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
This positive change aimed to promote greater understanding and acceptance of Autism, including Asperger’s syndrome. Unfortunately, societies continue to face challenges with persistent misconceptions and stigmatisation that can lead to delayed diagnosis, preventing Autistic children and their families from accessing early support.
It is crucial to recognise that individuals with Autism and Asperger’s are highly talented, compassionate, and brilliant. Providing proper support is essential to enable individuals to fully participate in their communities and enjoy a high-quality life. Therefore, it is vital to ensure that Autistic people receive the necessary support and the help they deserve.
Although there has been increased awareness about Autism, there is still a need for continuous education and understanding of Autism Spectrum Disorder. At Unique Community Services, we provide proactive care to individuals on the Autism spectrum, helping people thrive and live independently.
Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome: Similarities
As Asperger’s syndrome is part of Autism Spectrum Disorder, there are many similarities between them.
Here are some key similarities Asperger’s and Autism Spectrum Disorder share:
- Social challenges – both groups of people diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome and Autism present difficulties in social situations, making it challenging for individuals to interact and connect with others
- Relationship maintenance – individuals face challenges in maintaining relationships and understanding social cues
- Emotional expression – individuals often find it challenging to express their feelings or emotions effectively, leading to misunderstandings and difficulties in communication
- Eye contact – maintaining eye contact can be difficult and uncomfortable for individuals with AS and Autism
- Non-verbal communication – both AS and ASD can manifest as difficulties in non-verbal communication skills, such as understanding body language, facial expressions, and gestures
- Motor skills – individuals may experience challenges with motor skills, which can affect their coordination and mobility
- Repetitive behaviours – hand-flapping and other repetitive movements are common for individuals with AS and Autism
- Sensory sensitivities – individuals often display sensitivities to taste, sound, bright lights, and strong smells. These sensory sensitivities can significantly impact their daily lives
- Schedules and routines – both Asperger’s syndrome and Autism are associated with a preference for strict schedules and routines. Having a predictable structure can provide individuals with a sense of stability and reduce anxiety
Understanding these similarities can help healthcare providers develop targeted interventions and support strategies for individuals with AS and ASD.
Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome: Differences
While Asperger’s syndrome is part of Autism Spectrum Disorder, some individuals prefer to keep their previous diagnosis of AS.
Key differences between AS and Autism Spectrum Disorder include:
Time of diagnosis – prior to 2013, individuals were diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome, but now the diagnosis is encompassed under ASD. Some individuals prefer the identity of AS, while others are comfortable with ASD
Language development – Autistic children may start talking later, while children with Asperger’s syndrome typically do not experience language delays
Symptom severity – people with Asperger’s syndrome generally experience milder symptoms compared to those with ASD
No matter the differences, it is important for people with AS and ASD to get the right support and treatment for their individual needs.
Differences in Social Communication and Interaction
Understanding the gradations of language development is essential for children on the Autism spectrum. Children with Autism may start talking later, while children with Asperger’s syndrome typically don’t experience delays in language development. However, in the case of AS, developmental differences may become more noticeable when children begin school, interact more with peers, or participate in social activities.
Children and adults with Asperger’s syndrome have excellent language skills. Still, they may face challenges in effectively communicating with others and in social interactions, such as understanding sarcasm, irony, or implied meanings. One-sided conversations and recognising social cues may also be challenging.
On the other hand, children and adults with Autism often encounter speech and communication difficulties. They may have difficulty understanding and using non-verbal communication, such as gestures, facial expressions, and body language. Developing and maintaining relationships can be especially challenging, as individuals may experience difficulties with empathy and perspective-taking.
Understanding these differences in social communication and interaction is crucial for healthcare providers. It enables them to develop personalised interventions and support strategies tailored to the specific needs of each individual.
Differences in Repetitive Behaviours and Interests
The presence of repetitive behaviours, interests, and activities, including repetitive motor movements like hand flapping, is a characteristic shared by both Autistic individuals and individuals with Asperger’s syndrome.
Many individuals prefer consistency and may engage in repetitive routines, such as taking the same route to school daily. Any disruption to these patterns of behaviour or interests can lead to feelings of anxiety or even aggression.
Understanding the specific triggers, patterns, and severity of behaviours enables the development of targeted interventions to address the unique needs and challenges of individuals with Autism and Asperger’s syndrome, promoting their well-being and enhancing their quality of life.
Sensory Differences and Sensitivities
Autism and Asperger’s syndrome differ in terms of sensory differences and sensitivities, which can significantly impact individuals’ experiences and interactions with the environment.
People on the Autism spectrum often experience sensory difficulties, which can manifest as hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to certain sensory information, such as loud noises, bright lights, or strong smells. Sensory challenges can affect the daily lives of individuals, their balance, motor skills, and body awareness.
Individuals with Asperger’s syndrome generally exhibit milder symptoms related to sensory sensitivity. However, it is important to note that sensory differences and sensitivities can still be present in individuals with Asperger’s syndrome, and therefore support and accommodations to navigate sensory environments comfortably is vital.
Understanding the sensory differences and sensitivities in Autism and Asperger’s syndrome is crucial for healthcare providers. It allows them to create sensory-friendly environments, implement sensory-based interventions, and provide support that addresses the unique sensory needs of individuals.
Asperger’s Syndrome vs High-Functioning Autism (HFA)
High-functioning Autism (HFA) is an informal term used to describe individuals who demonstrate ease in speaking, reading, writing, and communicating and who possess the ability to live independently.
Both AS and high-functioning Autism are associated with cognitive skills and capacities that are near or above the typical intelligence range. However, both diagnoses present challenges in understanding verbal and nonverbal communication, as well as facial expressions.
Children with high-functioning Autism may experience more significant speech delays than children with Asperger’s syndrome. Due to this, children often receive diagnoses earlier in life, while many individuals with AS may not be diagnosed until their teenage or adult years.
Understanding these differences can greatly assist in addressing the individual’s needs and providing appropriate support. Therefore, it is crucial to seek a professional diagnosis.
The Importance of an Accurate Diagnosis
Sometimes, the difference between a child with AS, ASD or HFA cannot be noticeable, and signs and symptoms can overlap. However, every child with Autism Spectrum Disorder is different and has different needs.
Early diagnosis and treatment can help individuals live as independently as possible. Individuals can develop and improve essential life, communication, and social skills with a personalised approach, empowering them to navigate daily challenges.
A tailored treatment plan is vital in preventing distress and reducing social isolation. By addressing specific needs and challenges, individuals can develop effective coping strategies, manage sensory sensitivities, and build resilience. As a result, individuals experience increased confidence and a greater sense of connection, forming meaningful relationships and reducing isolation.
The comprehensive approach also extends its benefits to academic and professional life. Through targeted interventions, individuals receive support to improve performance and thrive in school or work environments. Incorporating tools and assistive technology further enhances their abilities and fosters independence. Additionally, the treatment plan encompasses access to additional services and therapies, ensuring individuals receive comprehensive care and support tailored to their unique needs.
Challenges and Strengths Associated with Both Syndromes
Individuals on the Autism spectrum, including individuals with Asperger’s, face shared challenges, such as:
- Difficulties in communication
- Difficulties following social norms
- Challenges with adapting to change
- Sensory sensitivities
- Difficulties in comprehending non-verbal cues and maintaining eye contact
- Anxiety or distress when routines are disrupted
Alongside these challenges, Autistic individuals, and individuals with AS possess remarkable strengths, such as:
- Strong ability to concentrate
- Great long-term memory
- Average to above-average intelligence
- Extensive knowledge resulting from a deep study of favourite topics
- Independent and logical thinking
- Ability to think visually
- Problem-solving skills
- Honesty
- Direct communication
- Detail-oriented
By recognising the challenges and strengths of Autism and Asperger’s, healthcare providers can offer comprehensive care and support that acknowledges individuals’ unique abilities. This person-centred approach allows the promotion of their strengths, development of coping strategies, and overall improvement of the well-being and quality of life of individuals.
The Future of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
The future of care and treatment for ASD is in models that prioritise person-centred and individualised care plans followed by continuous adjustments.
The approach focuses on support and improvement of the quality of life for people with ASD based on their unique concerns, needs, interest and characteristics. The ultimate goal is to actively engage individuals within their communities, enabling them to reach their fullest potential and become valued members of society.
To ensure effective decision-making, it is crucial to involve and coordinate between the individual, their family, and their support teams.
ASD Care and Support with Unique Community Services
Unique Community Services provides compassionate, person-centred care to individuals with complex care needs. We create personalised care plans that transform lives, helping people increase their independence and well-being.
Our dedicated clinicians provide proactive care to the people we serve, treating each individual with dignity and respect.
With offices in Manchester and Bristol, our team is always close to you for compassionate and tailored support. Contact us for more information.
